Chapter One: Balancing Values in the Administration of Public Policy

Glossary of Key Terms:

1. administration: the management of the affairs of government and its primary institutions. The execution and implementation of public policy.
2. bureaucracy: the administration of government through departments and agencies managed by a set of appointed officials who follow an inflexible routine.
3. capitalism:  an economic system in which all or most of the means of production and distribution are privately owned and operated for profit under fully competitive conditions.
4. efficiency: the ability to produce desired good, service, or effect with a minimum of effort, expense, or waste.
5. executive departments: the 15 primary line agencies of the Unites States that together make up most of the president's cabinet.
6. EOP:  and umbrella term referring to the 10 top staff agencies that serve the president.
7. government corporation: a business owned and operated by the government to provide a good or service for which is charges free.
8. independent executive agencies:  bureaucratic structures not located in regular departments, they report directly to the executive and perform a single task.
9. independent regulatory agencies:  commissions t regulate a specific industry or area; they have execute, legislative, and judicial functions.
10. individual rights: rights guaranteed to individuals by the Bill of Rights and other laws that serve to limit government.
11. inner cabinet:  The Department of State, Defense, Treasury, and Justice; the most influential of the cabinet-level departments.
12. limited government:  the national political value that holds "That government is best which governs least."
13. line agency: a governmental unit that meets directly with and provides a particular good or service to to the public.
14. neutrality: dealing with all citizens equally before the Law and not playing favorites by granting some citizens benefits or services but denying them to others cause of race, creed, national origin, or political affiliation.
15. neutral competence: the application of technical skills to job without regard to political affiliation or issues.
16. outer cabinet: the 11 "lesser" cabinet-level departments:Interior, Agriculture, Commerce, Labor, Housing and Urban Development, Transportation, Energy, Health and Human Services, Education, Veterans Affairs, and Homeland Security.
17. policy process: a set or series of stages through which policy is established and implemented.
18. popular sovereignty: governmental actions that reflect the will of population.
19. public administration: whatever governments do to develop and implement public policy
20. public policy: decisions made by government to pursue a purposive course of action taken by governmental actors to cope with perceived problem.
21. red tape: excessive use of rules, regulations, and procedures to the point they become ends in themselves rather than means to an end.
22. responsiveness:  the extent to which government reacts readily to suggestions or appeals from its citizens as individual or groups or through institutions.
23. staff agency: a governmental unit that serves an executive; it deals with line agencies to supply, assist, or help control them.
24. tolerance: the value of protecting the rights of individuals and groups who are perceive to be different.

Review Questions:

1. The govenment tends to grow so large because it uses citizens't to conduct its business and since citizens are guaranteed their rights then the goverment must establish them. In my opinion, I would agree that DHS does increase the nation's security.
2. Independt Agencies report directly to the president, who appoints theircheif officials. They are headed by multiple people rather than a single secretary. Agencies can be created only through the joint cooperation of the president and the Congress. Government Corporations is a business that is owned and operated by the U.S. Government. Generally, is is similar to independent regulatory agencies in sn some of their structural arrangements. They are headed by multimember boards.
3. Some values in U.S. Politics 
4. In the Policy Process, the agenda-setting stage the government is concerned with the identification of a problem. In the formulations stage, various alternative methods to deal with the problem are discussed and refined and which level of government decides. The third policy, policy enactment stage is when an authoritative agency of government makes a specific and discrete decision to "adopt" a policy alternative. The implementation stage entails the authorization and funding of a specific government program and who deals with the problem.